Importance of Folk Songs for Mizo Literature

21^st Sept. 2015

 Importance of Folk Songs for Mizo Literature

Kamkeuna

            Khawvel hnam hrang hrang hian Rochun thawnthu te, Hla hlui te leh Thuhlaril an neih ṭheuh a, chung zingah chuan keini Mizote pawh hi kan bãng bik hauh lo mai. Hla hlui kan tih mai hi ‘Folk Song’ tiin lo sawi ta mai ila. Mizoten Folk Song kan neih aṭang hian thu ṭha leh hla ṭha te a piang zut zut a, a chhawr nahawm hlawm hle a ni. Heng folk song-ahte hian mi mal hming chawi hla a tam hle a, hla hlui kan neih zinga a tam ber a ni hial ang tih theih a ni.

            Mizoten hla hlui kan neih ṭan hun hi chhui chian harsa hle mah se, hla hlui kan neihte hi 1300 - 1450 A.D. vela neih ṭan niin a rin theih a ni. Chumi hnu aṭang chuan hla an phuah zel a, tlar hnih hla aṭanga tlar thum/tlar li thleng pawhin an phuah chho zel a ni. Tun thleng pawhin heng hla hlui ṭhenkhat hi kan hmu thei a, heng aṭangte hian thuhlaril (literature) lamah hmasawnna hmuh tur a awm a, literature tana châkkhài tam tak an pai bawk a ni. Mizo literature tana hla hlui (folk songs) pawimawhna ṭhenkhat kan tar lang dawn a ni.

History zir nan leh vawnṭhat nan

            Hla hlui (folk song)-te hi Mizo chanchin te, khawsak phung te, inrelbawl dan te, khawtlang hawiher te leh thil dang tam tak zir nan a ṭha hle a. Hnam changkang zawkte pawhin an hla hlui te, an thawnthu hlui te leh an kutchhuak aṭangtein hnam chanchin an chhui chhuak ṭhin a. Keini Mizote ngei pawh hian kan hla hlui aṭangte hian kan hnam chanchin tam tak hmuh tur a awm a ni. Chu chuan folk song pawimawhzia a tilang chiang hle awm e.

            Hla hlui zinga langsar tak chu ‘Chawngchen zai’ hi a ni a, he chawngchen zai aṭang hian Mizo pi pute thangchhuah ṭhin an nihzia te, chutianga thangchhuah tura inpuahchah ngaih nasatzia te, zu leh sa an buatsaih dan te a lang a.

Chawn in rel e, chawn tin thang in rel,

Bel lian sawmthawm chawn tin thang in rel. (Mizo Hla Hlui, 138)

He chawngchen hla ‘Hla tluang’ aṭang hian zu bel an kan hmu a, khawtlangah zu an khap lo va; thiam takin hlim takin an zu ho dial dial ṭhin tih a lang.

            Hei bakah hian salu lam zai aṭangin pasalṭhate dinhmun te, pi pute khawsak dan hniamzia a lang thei. Sa lam zai ṭhenkhat lo en ila,

Khisa tuk chhuak chhumpui zing hnuaiah,

A ki riu riau, riang lo thlawh nan a ṭha e. (History of Mizo Literature, 35)

He hla tlar hnih aṭang hian pi pute khawsak la mawlzia a lang a, sakhi ki mai mai pawh hlo thlawh nan an duh a, hmanrua an nei ṭha lo tih a lang bawk. Hetianga history thil chhui zelna atana pawimawh chu kan hla hlui hi a ni pakhat a, a hlu hle a ni.

            Literature leh History chu a inzawm tlat a, chutianga literature-a dah tur history siamtu pawimawh tak chu folk song a ni a, Mizo thu leh hla tan a pawimawh hle. Fahrah hlado kan neih aṭangte pawh khan fahrah nun kan hmu thei a. Mizo khawtlanga fahrah retheihzia te, an hlawhtlin ṭuma an nu/pa thi tawhte an ngaihzia kan hmu thei. Heng kan tar lan takte hi history mai mai angin lang mah se Mizo literature-a thawnthu chhinchhiah tlak tak tak pai a nih avangin kan ngaihlu lo thei lo va; Literature huanga pawimawh tak a ni.

Mizo thu leh hla vawnṭhat nan

            Thu leh hla vawnṭhat hi hnam tin tan a pawimawh em em a. Engtia vawnṭhat chi nge tih pawh ngaihtuah a tam thei hle ang. Mizo thawnthu te, hla te, hnam kalphung te chu thu hmanga vawnṭhat sèn a ni lo va, chuvang chuan hla hmangin vawnṭhat theih a lo nit a a. Kan hla hlui (follk song) te kan thlir chuan a ṭhen chu thawnthu atana hman mai theih te a ni a. A ṭhen erawh chu history atan a ṭangkai hle bawk.

Mipa hmingchawi zai leh hmeichhe hmingchawi zai aṭang bik phei hi chuan a hla phèna thil inphum tam tak kan hmu thei a. Chungte chu thua sawi chhuah vek rem lo, mahse hlaa a awm avanga fiah em em si a ni ṭhin. Chutiang zel chuan hla hluia tawi fel taka thu ṭha leh ṭawngkam ṭha tak taka awm, thutluanga dah chhuah rem lo a tam hle bawk ang. Chuvang chuan hla hluite hi thu leh hla (literature) vawnṭhat nan a ṭangkai hle awm e. Sadawtin thla hualna hla an chham aṭang rigawt pawh hian  a thua tam tak sawi theih tur kha hla hmangin tawi tak siin a rawn phuah chhuak ta ṭhin a ni. Hetianga mal insawmna ṭawngkam leh hla ṭha tak tak kan neih theihna chhan chu ‘folk song’ a ni.

Poetry huanga hmasawnna rahbi

            Mizo hla hluite hi poetry zirna huang aṭanga the chuan hausak deuhna lai a nei a. Chungte chuan Mizo folk song hi a dah sang a tih theih ang. Hla hlui (Folk Song) hi literature hmahruaitu pawimawh tak a ni a. Folk song aṭang hian thu leh hla ṭha tak tak, ṭhangthar thlenga uar chhoh zel tur leh vawn nun zel tur thil a piang ṭeuh mai a ni. Poetry huangah phei chuan genre hrang hrang kan hmu nghe nghe. Heng genre kan hmuhte hian Mizo literature a tihausain a tichangtlung hle a tih theih ang. Chutih rual chuan hetianga poetry chi hrang hrang hmanga pi puten hla an lo phuah hian an finzia leh an lo ‘advance’zia kan hmu thei ang.

Intukna hla / Satire poetry

            Mizo hla hluiah khan inphuah elna leh intukna hla kan hmu nual mai a. Chuta kan sawi hmasak tur chu Laltheri zai hi a ni. Laltheri (a hming tak Lalchawngpuii) hi Sailo lal fanu a ni a, Hnamchawm tlangval Chalthanga nen an inngaizawng a. Khaw tlangvalte chuan lal hnenah an hêk a, lal chuan a that turin mi a tir ta a ni. Chu a mi tirhte chuan Chalthanga chu zu an khawn laiin a hnung lam aṭangin hreipuiin an chêk hlum ta a. Chu chu Laltheri'n a lo hriat chuan a rilru na leh khawhar avang chuan silhfen bel lovin khawlai a vêl ta a,

            Bawmzo ral mah dar ang chhai ngam lo,

            Bel zu kungah ka di Chalthanga, chawngsai ang sât e. (241)

A nu chuan puan nena um zuiin; mahse Laltheri chuan a nu a lo chhanna hla ṭha tak kan neih phah ta a ni –

            Ka nêmte puan ka chawi lo vang ka nu

            Ka di Chalthanga zalna mah, chhimhlei tualdaiah,(241) tiin.

            He hla aṭanga kan hmuh chu intukna leh inphuah elna hi a lo hlu hle mai a, Mizo literature-a poetry huang zauhtu pawimawh tak niin a lang. Hei bakah hian kan hla neih zinga upa pawl tak Thailungi zai aṭang hian intukna hla kan hmu a. Thailungi chu a nuhrawnin Pâwih thîr hlum zuar hnenah thîr hlum pakhatin a hralh a, an kal liam hnu chuan a tâitiang te, a êm te leh a hnam te a nu chuan a kentir loh avang chuan a inthiam lo leh deuh va; um zui a, hetiang hian hlain a va au a.

            Thailungi, Thailungi,

            I tiangthir tê lo nghâk la,

            I hlantai tê lo nghâk la ,(686) a han ti a. Thailungi chuan heti hian a lo tihel ve ta ngat a ni.

            Chhaktiang khi chen ka thlen chuan,

            Tiangthir a ṭha bo ngai lo,

            Hlantai a ṭha bo ngai lo, (686)  tiin a nuhrawn chu a hnar fithla ṭhak a ni.

            Rahtea chu a nunhrawn chuan dah bo a duh avangin a na der a, thawi dam nan Rahtea kher a ngen tlat a. Mahse chu chu a lo hre ru si a, Rahtea chu a tlan bo ta a; Thingsiri kungah a par zu a tlan a, a û chu ko tur chuan a va kal a

            Rahte, Rahte, lo hawng rawh

            I nu'n khuang a chawi dawn e,

            I pa'n khuang a chawi dawn e,

            Rahte, Rahte lo hawng rawh, tiin. Chutah, Rahte chuan,

            Ka u, ka u, kir leh tawh

            Ka thin ka lung in ei ai chuan,

            Thingsiri par ka tlan e,

            Ka puar e ka fan e, (687) tiin a lo hnar a. A pi a va kohtir pawhin chutiang chuan a lo chhang zel si, a tawpah a nuhrawn chu a va kal ta a. Rahte chuan,

            Ka nu min ngai ma nâng che,

Keiin ka ngai ma nang che, reng (687)  a ti a, therengah a chang ta daih a ni.

            Heng bakah hian Mizo chanchina inrun, inrawk hmingthang ber ‘Thlanrawn rawt hla’ te kha intukna hla ṭha tak a ni a. Chhim leh hmar indo (1849-1855) intukna hlaa Vuttaia leh Lalpuithanga te intukna/inphuah elna te kha kan thlir chuan poetry huanga satire ṭha tak mai kan hmu.

            Buanhmun pai ang pawm tawh hnu,

            Chengteah lam ang let e,

Lalpuithang lema,

A lema lema. (690)

Kan sawi sêng lo vang a. Heng bakah hian Lalvunga zai te, Awithangpa leh Diriallova intukna hlate ka hmu thei bawk a ni. A chunga kan sawi tak zawng zawng aṭang hian folk song hlutna leh hausakna kan hmu a. Chutiang bawk chuan Mizo Literature-ah sulsutu pawimawh tak a ni a, poetry huanga hmhruaitu ṭha tak leh tihausatu pawimawh tak a ni.

Self boasting / Self Centredness

            Mahni indahsanna leh inchhuanna hla hi hla hluiah hian kan ngah hle mai a. Hla hlui (folk song) ziarang pawimawh tak pakhat pawh a ni bawk awm e. Hei hian Mizo Literature a tihausa a, huang a zauh a ni. Tin, Mizo hla hluiahte hian mimal hmingchawi hla a tam hle a. Mizo hla hlui te kha a tlangpui thuin mahni an insawichhuahna (subjective) poetry a ni a. (Literature Lamtluang, 135) Hei hi a nih avang hian Hlado te, Bawhhla te, Chaihla te, Salulam zai te hi mimal inphuahna a ni tlangpui a, inpho chhuahna hla a ni. Chuvang chuan hetianga mahni indah sanna hla ziarang Mizoten kan lo nei diam hi Mizo Literature hausakna tizualtu a ni ngeiin a rinawm. Heng hlado leh bawhhla bikah phei hi chuan pasalṭhate inchhuanna, an chakzia an tar lanna hla a chuang ṭhin a. Hmanlai nuna inelna boruak a tar lang tlangpui a, hetiang hla ziarang hian Mizo literature-ah hum zau tak a luah a ni.

Hla thu kal ṭhiang (parallelism)

            Hei hi pi puten an chin hmasak pawl a nih a rinawm a. A awmzia chu hetianga hlahril hian awmze thuk tak a nei a, a ṭawngkam pawh a felfai ṭhin hle. Mizo hla hlui kalhmang dang leh chu hla thu kal ṭhiang (parallelism) hi a ni. Tlar hnih hlaah chuan tlar khatna thu kha tlar hnihnaah ṭawngkam dang a sawi nawn pahin tlip a ni ṭhin. (History of Mizo Literature, 43) Sakhal zai leh Lumtui zaia mi lo en ila,

            Nghalpa ha ṭha ram tin fang,

            A khaltu Chawngtinleri.

            A khaltu Chawngtinleri,

Lianchia runah thang hlei tlung.

Kan ngai, kan ngai, lung kan mawl ta e,

Phu loh kan ngai lung kan mawl ta e.

Ka ba, ka ba, ka puang ngam lo ve,

Chin phu ka ba, ka puang ngam lo ve. (43-44)

Confessional Poetry hringchhuaktu

            Mizo folk song kan thlir chuan hmeichhe hming chawi te, mipa hmingchawi leh hla dang dangah mahni inpho chhuahna leh inpuanna; zep leh sumkar nei lova inpuanna kan hmu. Laltheri phei chu a ngaihzawngpa Chalthanga an thahsak avangin ruakin khawlai a vel a. Huaisen takin a harsatna avang chuan chhel takin a awm tlat a, Chalthanga ngaiin a hun a hmang tar eng a ni.

            An rawn hung e, chawltui ningzu a laiah

            Chhuihthang, ka di, za te’n dawn dun i.

Laltheri bakah hian Darpawngi pawh hian huaisen takin a harsatna, retheihna leh hrehawmna te chu a tuar a. Lalnu meuh pawh chhang ga khawpa huaisen a ni. Anni pahnih aṭang hian mahni inpuanna leh hmeichhia te nihna kan hmu thei a. Hmangaihna la na tak chu hmeichhia hi an ni tih a lang chiang hle bawk.

Lianchhiari zai kan en leh chuan Chawngfianga nen an inneih theih loh vangin nupui pasal an nei ve ve a. Mahse, an neih ve ve hnu pawh chuan an inhmu leh a, a la ngai reng tho va. Lianchhiari chuan Chawngfianga a ngaihzia a tilang a, zep lovin a pho lang hial ṭhin.

Mahriaka ram va ṭuan,

Lunglai ka mawl mang e,

I zun ka phur hning hniang

Chhawlthing nem hnuaiah ê. (226)

Heng kan tar lante hian Mizo literature a tiphuisui a, zep leh sumkar nei lova hetianga inpuanna hian literature-ah hmasawnna leh chona a siam ṭhin a ni.

Social Satire

            Saikuti zai kan thlir chuan khawtlang lama elsenna kan hmu a. Zahpah nei lovin a rilrua thu awm chu hlain a puang chhuak ta tawp mai a ni.

            In zuah sual e, chhuahtlang thing lenbuang

            Chunglum lianak chhunrawl a vai e. (245)

            Heta tlangvalho a deusawh mai hian Saikuti huaisenzia a tilang a, tun hnu thlenga social satire kan neihna chhan pawh niin  lang. Tun hnu deuha F. Laltuaia leh mi dang dang phuahte hian pi pute hun laia social satire kha a chhawm zel a tih theih awm e. Satire lama sulsutu pawimawh chu folk song hi a nih avangin Mizo literature-ah Folk song hi a pawimawh lehzual a ni.

Autobiography / Biography awm ṭanna

            Mizo hla hlui aṭang hian mahni chanchin sawi leh ziah tura chiang tam tak a awm a. Mi mal hmingchawi hla tam tak aṭang hian anmahni chanchin tar lan a tam hle a. Mi dangin an phuahsak te chu awm ve mah se, a chachin chi hrang hrang kan hriat theih avang hian folk song hi mahni chanchin/mi chanchin chhuina ṭha tak a ni kan ti lo thei lo vang. Confessional Poetry kan sawi tak ang kha a nih rualin mahni chanchin hla hmanga ziahna, dahṭhatna a ni ve thei bawk a. Chuvang chuan kan hla hlui (folk song) te kha Mizo literature-a Autobiography / Biography siamna atana hmatheh leh, neih hmasak pawl a ni kan ti lo thei lo vang.

Mizo Drama tihausatu

            Mizo lemchan thawnthuah hian hla hlui awmna hi kan ngah falua lo va. Mahse, lemchan thawnthu ziakahte hian hla hlui pawimawhna kan hmu thei bawk awm e. Lemchan khawvel – I bua Ropuiliani lemchana Lianpuia leh Lalvunga inkara inelsenna hi a ni.

            Lalvunga’n ka lian a ti, Farzawl a luah,

A luah sual e, changsial sawmthum an la e.

Tin, he lehkhabua mi vêk, Thawmvunga lemchanah hian lal leh lal inbeihna kan hmu. Hla hmangin an intih el a ni. Vuttaia chuan,

Buanhmun pai ang pawm tawh hnu,

           Chengteah lam ang let e,

Lalpuithang lema,

A lema lema. tiin an phuah el sak mai a.

Hetianga personal satire hian Drama, a chana chan pawh ni se, a tichangtlung ta hrim hrim a. Folk Song pawimawhna chu hengte hi a ni a. Humhalha chhêm nung zel turin kan mawhphurna pawh a sang hle mai. Mizo literature-a thawh hlawk tak tak chu poetry lam hi a nih avangin Mizo hla hlui (folk song) te hi Literature tan a pawimawhin a hlu em em a ni.

Works Cited

Thanmawia, R.L., Mizo Hla Hlui (Mizo Folk Songs). published by Din Din Heaven. printed    at Gilzom Offset, Aizawl. 2012.

Department of Mizo. MZU, History of Mizo Literature. printed at Gilzom Offset. Aizawl. 2013.

Bibliography

Thanmawia, R.L., Ngirtling, 5th reprint, published by College Text Book (Mizo) Editorial      Board. printed at

Gilzom Offset. Aizawl. 2011

Thanmawia, R.L., Mizo Hla Hlui (Mizo Folk Songs), published by Din Din Heaven. printed at Gilzom Offset.

                Aizawl. 2012.

Department of Mizo, MZU. History of Mizo Literature. printed at Gilzom Offset. Aizawl. 2013

Laldinmawia, H., Literature Lamtluang (An introduction of literary theory and criticism). published by

CreatiVentures. KL Offset Printers. Aizawl. 2015. print.

Khiangte, Laltluangliana Dr., Lemchan Khawvel – I. published by LTL publications.Felfim Computers. 4^th

Edition . 2004. Print.