MIZO THAWNTHUA MYTH LEH FOLKTALES ZIR ZAUNA

mizo thawnthua

Myth leh Folktales zir zauna

-         C. Vanlalhruaia

khawvel hnam hrang hrang hian Thawnthu hlui kan nei vek a. Hnam a changkàn leh changkàn loh leh hnam a upat leh naupan azirin thawnthute chu a hrang thliah thluah ṭhin. Hnam tinin thawnthu kan neihte chu hnam chanchin zir nan te a ṭangkai em em a. Hnam darthlalang pawimawh tak a ni ṭhin. Entir nan, hnam pakhat khawsak phung chu an thawnthu hlui kan hmuh aṭangin tuma hrilh hranpa lovin kan chhiar aṭang phat pawhin kan hre thei a ni. Chuvang chuan thawnthu hian pawimawhna leh ṭangkaina a nei kan ti lo thei lo a ni.

            Mizote ngei pawh hian thawnthu tam tak kan nei a. Chungte chu chi hrang hrangin kan thliar thei ang. Tuanthu (Myth) te, Thanthu (Legends) te, Rochun Thawnthu (Folktales) te an ni a, heng hi kan thawnthu neih zinga langsar zualte an ni. Tun ṭumah hian Tuanthu (Myth) leh Rochun Thawnthu (Folktales) te hi kan thlur bing tur a ni a. Mizo thawnthuah hian heng pahnihte hian eng ang chiahin nge sulhnu a neih a, engtianga pawimawh nge an nih a, kan hnam dinhmun an tar lan kan en dawn a ni.

1.         Myth

Myth chu thawnthu peng zinga a hmatawnga ngaih theih a ni. A chhan chu a hrilhfiahna ka hmuhah te hian tuanthu tih te, tuan leh mang thawnthu tih te, thil bul thawnthu tih te a ni ṭhin a. Myth reng reng chu thil awm ṭanna emaw, pianṭona hun leh hmun sawina a nih avangin thawnthu zirna huangah chuan a upa leh hmasa ber anga ngaihna a lian lo thei lo. Prof. William R. Bascom chuan, “Myth chu hnam hrang hrangin tun hmaa thil thleng emaw, thil lo indin dan, thil tak tak ni ngei awma an sawi; ṭawngkaa an inhlan chhàwn zel hi a ni,” a lo ti a. (qtd. in Mizo Thawnthu Zirzauna, 7)

            Mizo thawnthuah pawh hian hetianga tun hmaa thil thleng te, lo indin dan te, tak tak ni ngeia kan rin theih tur awm tak thil a tam hle a ni. Hetianga thil thleng hrang hrangah hian a mawhphurtu chu mihring ni lovin ramsa emaw, thil nung dang an ni tlangpui. “Myth-ah hi chuan mihring (human) hi an lang meuh lova, ramsa chi hrang hrang te hi an lang tam hle a ni.” (qtd. in Literature Lamtluang, 369) Chuti a nih avang chuan kan Mizo tuanthu (myth)-ah te hian mihring aia thil tithei leh ramsa kan hmu nasa zawk hle a ni.

1.1.      Myth awm ṭan hun

            Tuanthu (myth) hi a awm ṭan hun hi chhut chian hleih theih a ni lo va. Hmákhawsang (recent past) a ni tih ngawt loh chu chhui a harsa hle. Ṭiau an kân hma aṭang daih tawh khan Tuanthu hi an lo ngaihtuah phak tawhin a rinawm a. Oral Literature (ṭawngkaa inhlan chhawn hun) kan hriat hlat theih ber nia a hriat kum 1300 hma aṭang emaw, hemi hun vel aṭang hian Myth-te hi kan nei ṭan a ni mai ang em tih pawh ngaihtuah tham tak a tling. Eng pawh chu lo ni se, kan pi puten tuanthu an lo ngaihtuah a, an lo inhlàn chhawng zel hi tuna ṭhangtharte tan pawh hian a la sawngsawhlawt chho zelin a rinawm. Kan tuanthu lo chhuah ṭan hun awm tak chhui theih a nih lo pawhin 1300-a Run leh Ṭiau inkara pi pute khawsak laia an lo neih a ni ang tih pawh hi a pawmawm hlein a lang.

            Myth innghahna chu khawvel awm ṭanna te, thil nung lo insiam dan te a nih avang hian pi pute ngaihtuahna thuizia leh lo changkanzia a lang chiang hle. Mihring hnam chanchin chhui mi (Anthropologist)-te chuan tunlai huna khawtlang nun chhuina atan thil hlui laihchhuah an hmang ṭhin a. Chutiang bawk chuan heng myth kan neihte hmanga hnam chanchin chhui hi thil ṭangkai tak a nih a rinawm. Chuti a nih avang chuan tuanthu (myth) chu hun rei tawh tak aṭanga lo inṭan, chhui phak loh khawpa rei tawh aṭanga lo inirh chhuak a ni ngei ang.

1.2.      Myth (Tuanthu)-a a changtu (characters)

            Mizo thawnthua tuanthuah te hian a changtu leh a mawhphurtu chu a tlangpuiin ramsa te, pathian te, dawithiam te, mi thiltithei te an ni tlangpui a. Hnam dangte chuan an thilbul thawthuah pathian chi hrang hrang an nei ṭhin a. Japanese leh Greek te chuan chutiang pathian chu an nei tih kan hria ang a, chungte chuan thil an tithei hle bawk.

            Thil siam thawnthua hmun pawimawh tak luahtu pakhat chu tui (egg) hi a ni a. Chuta ṭang chuan thil engkim hi lo piang nia ngai tam tak an awm bawk. Eng pawh ni se, kan Mizo thawnthua Tuanthu (Myth) te hi a bulṭantu tlangpuite chu ramsa — Khuazingnu, phivawk, sakuh, satel, changpat, leh ramsa dang dang pawh a ni awm e. Kan hmuh tam berte chu ramsa a nih ṭhin avangin Mizo tuanthua a changtu character pawimawhte chu ramsa an ni.

1.3.      Myth leh Pathian thu

            Mizote Kristian kan nih hnua thil bul kan sawi dan leh Kristian kan nih hmaa thil bul kan lo sawi ṭhin dan hi a dang lo hle mai a. A chhan chu thil bul awmna nia kan ngaih ṭhin chu Pathian hi a ni. “Atîrin Pathianin lei leh vân a siam a. Tin, Lei hi a chhia a a ruak ngawt a ni a; tui thûk tak chung chu a thim mup a.” (Genesis 1:1,2) tiin Bible-ah kan hmu a. Hei ang chiah hian leilung awm ṭan dan kan hmu. “A tirah chuan khawvel hi a la awm lo va. Pathian pakhat, Khuazingnu an tih hi a awm a. Khuazingnu chuan lei hi a siam ta a. A khuh hnawng tur leh boruak vawng dai turin hnim hring chi tinreng a siam leh a.” (Mizo Hnahthlak Thawnthu Vol. I, 29)

            A chunga kan hmuh ang khian Mizo thilbul thawnthu leh Pathian thu hi inkungkaih hlein a lang. Lei siamtu Pathian awmin a sawi theih ve ve a. Bible-a lang ang bawk khi pi pute tuanthuah kan hmu leh a ni. “Tuipui zau pui mai hi a awm a, a hming chu Tuihriam a ni a.” (31) Bible-a kan hmuh tui thuk tak leh Tuihriam hi thil thuhmun chu kan ti thei chiah lo ang a, mahse pi pute khan Pathian thua kan hmuh tui thuk tak ang hi Tuihriam an lo suangtuah thei hi a makin a ropui hle.

1.4.      Mizo tuanthu (myth)-a pi pute suangtuahna khawvel

            Hnam tin hian tuanthu/thil bul thawnthu kan nei ṭheuh a. Hnam changkan azir te, sik leh sa danglam azir te, ram leilung awm dan azir tein chung thawnthute chu a danglam ṭhin. Mizo tuanthu/thilbul thawnthu kan neihte pawh hi kan han chhut chuan an suangtuahna sanzia kan hmu thei ang.

            Lei leh van awm ṭan dan - Khuazingnu-in lei a siam dan te, mihring a siam leh a, an lo awm ṭan dan te, mihringte chuan buh an neih ṭan dan te, lir lo nghìn chhan - satelin khawvel hi a phur a, a chêt veleh lir a lo nghing nia an ngaih dan te, tlang leh lui awm ṭan dan - thingvantawng mihringte kih thlûkin chultenu lei chùl mam sa a delh chhiat avanga luikawr te, lui tê leh lui lian deuh lo awm dan te thleng hian pi pute suangtuahna ropuizia a lang thei awm e.

            Hei bakah hian pi pute ngaihtuahna tilangtu pakhat chu tuanthu kan neih zinga a changtu (character)-te chu an inbe vek thei a. Mihring ang maia ṭawng theia an duang vek ṭhin kha a ni. Ramsa leh thing leh mau te chu an inbe thei a. Tin, mihringte leh ramsa te chu an inbe thei tih kan hmu. Hei hi Pathian thuah pawh kan hre thei. Mihring hmasate chuan lei chunga thilnung awmte lakah thu an nei a, an inbe thei bawk. Chutiang bawk chuan kan thawnthu (myth, folktales)-ah te hian mihring leh ramsa/thilnungte inlaichinna kan hmu. Hei hi kan pi pute finna leh remhriatna lanna pakhat a tih theih awm e.

            Pi pute suangtuahna ropui tak pakhat chu, Leilung lo insiam dana pawimawh em em, changpat hi a ni. Rannung ṭangkai lo ber nia ka ngaih ṭhin chuan tuihriam ral lehlama lei, phivawkin a lak sa chu a tipung a; chuta ṭang chuan tuna kan awmna lei hi a lo awm thei ta a ni. Chumi kal zel chu tun thleng pawh hian changpat êk chu leiṭha atan kan hmang ṭhin a ni. Hei hian pi pute ngaihtuahna lo thuizia leh an suangtuahna thukzia a hmuh theih kan ti lo thei lo vang.

2.         FOLKTALES

            Mizo thawnthu kan neih zinga hniak ngah ber leh huhang nei lian ber tih theih chu Rochun Thawnthu (Folktales) hi a ni. Dr. Lalruanga chuan, “Mizo thawnthu zirnaa folktales han thlen hi a bu zawl thleng ang niin ka hria a. Hemi han luhchilh hi chu a pumpui hai ṭet ang kan ni.” (Mizo Thawnthu Zirzauna, 29) a ti hial a ni. Ani sawi hi a pawmawm hle nghe nghe. Mizo thawnthuah hian folktales hi kan ngah nagiang mai a, a chhan chu eng pawh ni se kan ngah na nâ nâ chu kan hlutna chen a awm lo thei lo va. Chhiar leh hmuh tur a tam bawk rêng a ni. Mizote rilru chu a hniak tam lam lam ûm hi a ni a, chuvang chuan folktales-ah hian hniak a tam em avangin ngaihtuah zui a hlawh lo thei ṭhin lo.

            Folktales kan tih hi chuan phuah chawp leh din chhuah chawp hi a kawk deuh bik a. “Folktale chu phuahchawp deuh taka thawnthu phuah, mihring leh ramsa inpawlh nawk thawnthu hi a ni,” (Literature Lamtluang, 371) Heti a nih avang hian Folktales hi kan ngah em ni ang? Phuah chawp mai a awlsam vang nge ni ang a, pi pute hun lai hian phuah chhan tur a lo tam zawk ni ang? tihte hi zawhna awm thei tak a ni awm e.

2.1.      Mizo thawnthua Folktales ziarang

            Mizo thawnthua Folktales kan neihte hian ziarang hrang hrang a nei a. Chungte chu tawi tê têin i lo thlir teh ang.

A Plot   : Kan pi pute aṭanga thawnthu kan inrochun (folktales)-te hi a tawi fel hlawm hle a. Ramsa thawnthu (animal tales)-te phei chu tawi fel tak tak, a sawi tum fûn kim si leh chiang si a ni. Entir nan, Artui leh hmawlhte inlawm, zawngte leh satel thawnthu, zawngte pipu uai leh thawnthu dang dangte hi a tawi fel em em a, chhiar hahdam khawpa tawi fel tak si an ni hlawm.

            A thawnthu kalhmang pawh mawlmang tak (simple) si a ni tlangpui. Tin, a thawnthu (story) pawh hlimawm tak tak a ni. A tlangpuiin a thawnthu ruangam chu, a ṭannaah chuan “Hman lai hian” tih a ni a, a tawpah “hlim takin an awm” tih emaw a awm ngei gei ṭhin. Tin, a tira buaina chu awlsam taka chinfel a ni leh ṭhin.

Virtue rewarded / vice punishment : Folktales kan neih zingah hian a changtute chu mi ṭha an nih chuan a tawpah an fel rah an seng a, mi sual - vervek leh fing kherek ang chi te chuan an sual man an tel a. Thihna emaw, vanduaina eng eng emaw an tawk ṭhin. Zawng hi folktales-ah hian kan hmu hnem hle a. A fin vervekna leh bumhmang a nihna hi a langsar hle bawk. Mahse, he a character ṭhat loh avang hian a tawpah chhiat a tawk leh tho tho ṭhin tih kan hmu.

Character : Mizo thawnthua folktales-ah hian a changtu chu mihring a nih châng a awm a. Ramsa a nih châng a awm bawk a. Pathian emaw, thil tithei tak a nih châng a awm bawk. Chutih rualin a changtute chuan an mizia leh nihna an kengkawh ṭha hle a, a tlangpui thuin flat character an ni tlangpui. Zawngte te, Sakuh te, Runginu te, Satel te leh ramsa dang ṭhenkhatte chuan an nungchang an vawng ṭha hlawm hle. Nimahsela, Bak leh Laiking erawh kha chuan an nihna an kengkawh ṭha chiah lo tih kan hmu. Chungleng leh hnuaileng indo ṭum khan bak chuan chungleng leh hnuaileng niin a insawi a, laiking pawh thlanrawkpa khuangchawi lai khan lehlamah a awr a dum a, lehlamah a awr a sen tih kan hmu bawk.

Motivation : Rochun thawnthu (folktales)-a a changtute chu khalhtu bik awmin a lang ṭhin. Ramsa thawnthu bikah phei chuan hlauhna te, ei leh bar chungchangah te, nawmsak duhna te chuan a khalh kal ṭhin a ni. Tin, mihring lanna bikah pawh, hmeichhe hmelṭha leh duhawm tak tak te, hmangaihna te chuan an nun a khalh kal ṭhin tih kan hmu bawk. An nun a khalh kal tawpna chu khawii hmun pawh ni se, an nun khalhtu chu eng eng emaw tak a ni ṭhin.

2.2.      Folktales pawimawhna

            Mizo thawnthuah hia folktales hian pawimawhna tam tak a nei a. Hmangaihna thawnthu (Romantic tales), Nungcha thawnthu (Animal tales), Fiamthu leh nuihzatthlak thawnthu (Jockes and humourous tales), Thawnthu inchherchhuan (cumulative tales) te hian mihring nuna thil pawimawh tak tak an tar lang a ni.

Pi pute thil ngaihsan zawng hriatna : Folktales-ah hian pi pute ngaihsanzawng kan hre thei a. Hmelṭha an ngaisang em em a. Lawnglaii phei chu a hmelṭhatnain lui kawi sarih a en thei hial a. Hmelṭhate chu an man a to hle mai a. Rîmtu pawh an ngah thei hle. Hei bakah mi chak an ngaisang hle tih kan hre thei bawk. Mualzavata, Phawlawngzammira, Pangpuielhtliaka leh pasalṭha huaisen tak tak, Taitesena, Khuangchera leh mi dangte chu an ngaisang hle a. Pasalṭha awmnaah chuan mipui thla a muang ṭhin a ni.

Pi pute nunphung tar langtu : Folktales kan neih aṭangte hian pi pute khawsak zia kan hmu thei a. Ramsa thawnthu (animal folktales)-ah ngei pawh “chaw lo chhum rawh se”, “hlo thlo rawh se”, “tui lo chawi rawh se”, “thing lo phur rawh se”, “ar lo lawi rawh se”, “vawk chaw lo pe rawh se”, tihte kan hmu a. Heta ṭang hian pi pute nunphunga bet tlat thil kan hmu a, Folktales pawimawhzia leh ṭangkaizia a lang chho zel a ni.

Mizo pi pute thiamna leh finna lo lanna : Tun lai doctor thiam tak takte thiamna ang chi hi pi pute hun lai pawh khan an lo ngaihtuah lawk thiam vek tih kan hmu. Chu chu mihring taksaa vun an bel thei kha a ni. Lalruanga thawnthuah kan hmu a. Lalruanga nau chu Keichala te khuaah a kal a, keimiho chuan an lo seh hlum daih mai a; Lalruanga'n a luak chhuahtir leh a. Mahse, a zakhnuai a kim lo tih a hmuhin chaichim vun a bel ta tih kan hmu. Hei hian kan pi pute ngaihtuahna lo 'advance-zia' kan hmu a ni.

Nun dan ṭha inzirtirna : Thailungi leh Rahtea thawnthuah hian nuhrawn chungchang kan hmu a. Nuhrawn chu pi pute dem em em a ni. Thailungi nuhrawnin Thailungi pawi thirhlum zuarho hnena a hralh leh Rahtea chu a damloh inthawi nana hman a tumna te hian hmanlaia nuhrawnte mizia a tar lang a ni. Tin, Sichangneii chuan a fate a hmangaih lohzia a lang a. A feh hlana a thla thuhruk a pasal leh a faten an lo la chhuak ṭhin tih a hriat avangin vanah a thlawh chhohsan daih tih kan hmu.

Lei leh van inkalpawh : Thangsira leh Thangzaia thawnthu te, Thlihranthanga leh Aithangveli thawnthu te, Sichangneii thawnthu leh Kelchawngi thawnthu aṭangte hian lei leh van inkalpawh chungchang kan hmu a. Pi pute ngaihtuahnaa van mi leh lei mi inkartawn kan hmu thei hi a hlutzia a lang chiang hle.

Thih hnu : Thawnthuah hian thih hnu khawvel leh thih hnua thil awm dan kan hmu a. Thih hnua Rihdil paltlang te, chumi hnua mitthi khuaa kal thu te, Fahrah retheia thawnthua Fahrah retheia nu a thih hnua thinga a chan thu te, Tualvungi leh Zawlpala te chu phengphehlepah an chang a, Chawngmawii leh Hrangchhuana thawnthua an thih hnua arsia chan thu kan hmu bawk.

            Heng a chunga kan sawi zawng zawng aṭang hian pi pute nuna thil pawimawh tak tak te, an ngaihtuahna sanzia te, an finthuril te, an chin dan leh nunphung te, an khawvel te chu chiang takin kan hmu thei a. Chuvang chuan Folktales hian thu ṭha leh hlu tak tak a pai kan ti lo thei lo vang. Chutiang zel chuan heng aṭang hian History chhui pawh a awlsam phah ngei a beiseiawm hle bawk awm e.

2.2. Tlipna

            Mizo thawnthua kan neih tam ber folktales hian thu hlu, 'chhum ruah tui pai' anga tuihnang ṭha leh ṭangkai, ngaihnawm si a pai avang hian tun aṭanga thlah awm zel turah pawh hlut a hlawh ngei a rinawm. Chutih rualin kan tuanthu (myth)-te hi Mizo tan chuan Pathian thu ni lo mah se, kan baibul ang tluka kan en thiam a ṭul hle ang. Amaherawhchu, kan rindan leh ngaihdan te chu engtik hun pawha danglam thei a nih avangin pawm dan leh awih chin tur pawh kan thliar zung zung thei lawisi. Kan thawnthu hluite hi a hlui ang ngawta hnawl lovin, a hlutna zawng zel zawkin; ṭhang lo thar zel turte hian vawng ṭhain an mawina mei chu chhem alh zel ang u.

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Work cited

Dr. Lalruanga, Mizo thawnthu zirzauna

H. Laldinmawia, Literature Lamtluang

The Bible Society Of India, The Holy Bible

R.L. Thanmawia, Mizo Hnahthlak Thawnthu Vol. I

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